Entry in India

Entry in India

As Foreign Entity

Foreign Investor can commence business in India as a Foreign entity. Type of such set up includes Branch office, liaison office and project office. AS a Foreign company, there are limitation in carrying all business activities and can be set up for a limited purpose. Choice of the type of entity depends on the activity carried out by the foreign entity. Liaison office are permitted only liaising activities i.e. only coordinating or market research on behalf of foreign company and do not have any income in India. Project Offices are setup to monitor projects. Branch offices are permitted to carry out trading activities and manufacturing activities only in limited area.

A Foreign company has to open Branch office / Liaison office / Project office as the case may be with in six month of the approval. A further extention of six months can be given by AD Category-I bank in case reasons of not opening office is beyond control of Foreign Company. Any further extension of time shall require the prior approval of RBI.

Foreign entity after being registered with the RBI ought to get itself registered with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). registration with MCA is required with in 30 days of establishment.

*RBI guidelines regarding establishment of LO/BO/PO: https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=10398&Mode=0. Further, a resident having PAN to be appointed for receiving notices in India for foreign entity/company


Liaison office

Description

A. Eligibility

A foreign Company having net worth of USD 50000 or its equivalent and track record of making profit during immediately preceding three financial years can open Liaison office. Approval is normally given for 3 years (2 years for NBFCs / entities engaged in construction sector)

In cases where the applicant foreign entity does not meet the financial criteria, the parent company may issue a Letter of Comfort (LoC), given the company satisfies the prescribed criteria for net worth and profit.

B. Permitted Activities

  1. To represent Foreign Company in India.
  2. Collect info about market opportunity
  3. Promote import/ export to/ from India
  4. Facilitate technical/ financial collaboration

C. Restricted Activities

  1. Can,t undertake any commercial activity
  2. Can,t earn any income in India

D. Tax: Not applicable

E. Exit : Prior approval of AD bank and ROC authorities is required.


Branch Office

Description

A. Eligibility

A foreign Company having net worth of USD 100000 or its equivalent and track record of making profit during immediately preceding five financial years can open branch office.
In cases where the applicant foreign entity does not meet the financial criteria, the parent company may issue a Letter of Comfort (LoC), given the company satisfies the prescribed criteria for net worth and profit.
Name of the Branch Office must be same as of the Parent Company

B. Permitted Activities

1. Permitted to undertake commercial activities
2. To represent the parent company
3. To carry out export/import of goods,
4. Rendering professional services,
5. Carry out research work, etc. in India.
6. Profit repatriation allowed after payment of applicable taxes

C. Restricted Activities

1. Can't do manufacturing activity other than in SEZ zone with purpose of exporting out of India

D. Tax: 40% + Surcharge

E. Exit : Prior approval of AD bank and ROC authorities is required.


Project Office

Description

A. Eligibility

Reserve Bank has granted general permission to foreign companies to establish Project Office in India, provided they have secured a contract from an Indian company to execute a project in India, and

  1. the project is funded directly by inward remittance from abroad; or
  2. the project is funded by a bilateral or multilateral International Financing Agency; or
  3. the project has been cleared by an appropriate authority; or
  4. a company or entity in India awarding the contract has been granted Term Loan by a Public Financial Institution or a bank in India for the project.

However, if the above criteria are not met, the foreign entity has to approach the Reserve Bank of India, Central Office, for approval.

B. Tax: 40% + tax

C. Exit : Prior approval of AD bank and ROC authorities is required.


Domestic Entity

Wholly owned Subsidiary / Joint Venture

A foreign company can make investment in India through incorporation of wholly owned subsidiary in sectors wherein 100% FDI is permitted. Else, a foreign company can enter into joint venture. Investment under automatic route don't require prior approval of Govt. of India or RBI. Where the principal business of the foreign holding company falls under the sectors where 100 percent FDI is not permissible under the automatic route then applications from such entities require prior approval of the government.

Private Limited Company

A private Ltd. company is a company which has the following characteristics:

  • shareholders right to transfer shares is restricted.
  • the number of shareholders is limited to 200; and
  • an invitation to the public to subscribe to any shares or debentures is prohibited.

Public Limited Company

A public company is defined as a company which is not a private company. The following conditions apply only to a public company:

  • It must have at least seven shareholders.
  • A public company is not authorized to start business upon the grant of the certificate of incorporation. In order to be eligible to commence business as a corporation, it must obtain another document called trading certificate.
  • It must publish a prospectus or file a statement in lieu of a prospectus before it can start transacting business.
  • A public company is required to have at least three directors.
  • It must hold statutory meetings and obtain government approval for the appointment of the management.

Tax: Normal as an Indian company


Limited Liability Partnership - FC

Foreign companies can only invest only in those sectors through LLP where 100% FDI is allowed, through the automatic route and there is no FDI-linked performance-related conditions like minimum capitalization etc.

An Indian company, having FDI, will be permitted to make downstream investment in an LLP only if both the company and the LLP are operating in sectors where 100% FDI is allowed, through the automatic route and there are no FDI - linked performance related conditions.

LLPs with FDI will not be eligible to make any downstream investments, which means LLP having FDI, cannot make further investment in LLP or companies engaged in any business, even though 100% FDI is allowed under those sectors.

Tax: Normal as applicable to LLP

 
     
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